Pemba Island: The Untouched Gem of the Zanzibar Archipelago
Introduction

Nestled to the northeast of Zanzibar’s main island, Unguja, lies the serene and unspoiled Pemba Island. Known for its lush green hills, coral reefs, and deep history, Pemba Island offers an experience far removed from the tourist crowds of its more famous sibling. Often referred to as "The Green Island" or Al Jazeera Al Khadra in Arabic, Pemba is an off-the-beaten-path destination for those seeking adventure, tranquility, and authentic cultural encounters. With its pristine beaches, rich marine life, and fertile farmland, Pemba Island is a true hidden gem in the Zanzibar Archipelago.

Geography and Natural Beauty

Pemba Island is the second-largest island in the Zanzibar Archipelago, covering about 988 square kilometers. Its terrain is notably different from the flat, sandy landscapes of Unguja. Pemba’s interior is lush and hilly, with deep valleys, fertile farmlands, and dense tropical forests. The island is dotted with clove plantations, as Pemba produces the majority of Zanzibar’s famed cloves, which have historically been one of its most important exports. The island's coastline is fringed with mangroves and secluded beaches that offer peace and quiet, while the surrounding coral reefs are some of the most well-preserved in East Africa. The waters around Pemba are renowned for their vibrant marine life, making it a haven for divers and snorkelers. Diving and Marine Life One of Pemba Island's greatest attractions is its underwater world. The surrounding coral reefs, particularly to the west, are home to a spectacular array of marine species. Unlike some other parts of the Zanzibar Archipelago, Pemba’s dive sites are less crowded and more pristine, making it a top destination for diving enthusiasts. Pemba is renowned for its dramatic underwater drop-offs, which plunge into the depths of the Indian Ocean, creating a unique environment for both marine life and diving adventures. Popular dive sites such as Misali Island, Njao Gap, and Fundu Lagoon offer world-class diving experiences, with divers encountering a diverse range of species including mantas, barracudas, reef sharks, sea turtles, and colorful coral formations. For those less inclined to dive, snorkeling around Pemba is equally rewarding. The island's shallow coral reefs are teeming with life, making them ideal for both beginners and experienced snorkelers.

The Spice Trade and Agriculture

Much like its larger counterpart Unguja, Pemba has a rich history rooted in the spice trade. The island is particularly famous for its production of cloves, which continue to be one of its main exports. During the late 19th century, Zanzibar was the world’s leading producer of cloves, and today, Pemba remains a significant player in this industry. Visitors can explore the island’s spice farms, learning about the cultivation and harvesting of cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and other spices. These tours provide fascinating insights into Pemba’s agricultural heritage and the island’s critical role in the spice trade. In addition to spices, Pemba is known for its agriculture, with rich, fertile soil that supports the cultivation of bananas, cassava, and coconuts. The island’s farming traditions stretch back generations, and the local economy is deeply intertwined with its agricultural production.

Cultural Heritage and Local Life

Pemba Island offers an authentic glimpse into Swahili culture, with far fewer tourists than Unguja. The island is home to a predominantly Muslim population, and its villages retain a traditional way of life, centered around farming, fishing, and small-scale commerce. The people of Pemba are known for their warm hospitality, and visitors are often invited to experience local life firsthand, whether through tours of fishing villages or attending a Swahili wedding. The island’s capital, Chake Chake, serves as a modest hub of activity, with markets, small shops, and a few cafes. It is an excellent place to observe the daily rhythms of life on the island, from the sale of fresh produce to the bustling dhows arriving at the harbor. Chake Chake is also home to the Pemba Museum, located within an old fort, which offers a glimpse into the island’s past, including its Persian, Omani, and colonial influences. Pemba is also famous for its traditional ngoma (drumming and dance) performances, a vital part of the island’s cultural identity. These performances are often associated with celebrations and festivals, offering visitors a chance to witness Swahili music and dance in its most authentic form.

Spiritual Traditions and Healing

Pemba Island has a reputation as a center for spiritual healing and traditional medicine in East Africa. The island’s forests and natural environment are home to a wide variety of medicinal plants, and traditional healers, known as waganga, play a significant role in Pemba’s cultural fabric. Traditional healers are sought after for their knowledge of herbal remedies, as well as their ability to communicate with spiritual forces. Visitors interested in traditional healing practices can seek out juju healers, who offer insights into African spiritual traditions and natural remedies passed down through generations.

Misali Island: A Marine Sanctuary

Just off the coast of Pemba lies Misali Island, a small but ecologically significant islet that is part of a protected marine conservation area. Misali is famous for its untouched coral reefs, crystal-clear waters, and diverse marine ecosystems. The island is an important nesting site for sea turtles and is home to over 300 species of fish, making it a popular destination for both divers and eco-tourists. Misali Island is also steeped in cultural lore, with local legends claiming that it was once a hideout for the infamous pirate Captain Kidd. Whether or not these tales are true, the island’s natural beauty and biodiversity make it one of the most treasured areas in Pemba.

Seclusion and Eco-Tourism

Pemba’s relative seclusion has helped it remain one of the more untouched destinations in the region. While Zanzibar’s main island, Unguja, has seen rapid development to accommodate mass tourism, Pemba has stayed largely off the mainstream tourist radar. As a result, the island offers a sense of peace and tranquility that is hard to find elsewhere. Accommodation on Pemba is generally limited to boutique lodges and eco-resorts that focus on sustainable tourism. Places like Fundu Lagoon, The Manta Resort, and Pemba Paradise cater to travelers looking for exclusivity, luxury, and eco-friendly experiences. The Manta Resort, in particular, is famous for its underwater room, a unique accommodation option where guests can sleep surrounded by the Indian Ocean’s marine life. Pemba’s focus on eco-tourism ensures that the natural environment and local communities benefit from tourism, preserving the island’s beauty and culture for future generations.

Conclusion

Pemba Island is a treasure trove of natural beauty, cultural richness, and historical significance. For those seeking an alternative to the bustling resorts of Zanzibar’s main island, Pemba offers a more intimate and off-the-beaten-path experience. Its pristine coral reefs, traditional Swahili culture, and serene landscapes make it a dream destination for divers, nature lovers, and cultural enthusiasts alike. Whether you're exploring its underwater wonders, wandering through spice plantations, or engaging with local traditions, Pemba Island promises a unique and unforgettable journey into one of East Africa’s last true hidden gems.